Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)

Another name：
methoxatin; 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dioxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic Acid; 4,5-
dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid

CAS Number: 72909-34-3
Beilstein Reference：3596812
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1235421
Chemical formula; C14H6N2O8
Appearance: orange to red solid
Molar mass330.208 g·mol−1
Density1.963 g/cm3
Melt point: 222 - 224°C
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Flash point569.8 °C (1,057.6 °F; 842.9 K)
 Molar refractive index：71.98
molar volume（m3/mol）：168.2
Parachor（90.2K）：573.1
surface tension（dyne/cm）：134.8
Polarizability（10-24cm3）：28.53

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), also called methoxatin, is a redox cofactor and antioxidant. Produced by bacteria, it is found in soil and foods such as kiwifruit, as well as human breast milk. Enzymes using PQQ as a redox cofactor are called quinoproteins and play a variety of redox roles. Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase is used as a glucose sensor in bacteria. PQQ stimulates growth in bacteria. Eukaryote targets, including mammalian lactate dehydrogenase, are of more interest to health. It is suggested that PQQ taken as a dietary supplement could promote mitochondrial biogenesis via this pathway as well as PGC-1α.